Proteus is a complete turnkey nanosecond spectrometer with extensive spectral and temporal coverage. Its modular design allows for extra flexibility with an experimental setup. Proteus is designed to monitor photo-induced optical absorption changes occurring in samples as a consequence of laser excitation. Its experimental time window is from a few nanoseconds to multi-seconds. The wavelength range is from 200 nm to 1600 nm, depending upon the option. Proteus utilizes a continuous recording method in which a photo detector (photodiode, photomultiplier tube) monitors the temporal changes in optical transmittance of the sample at a set (but variable) wavelength in a continuous manner, before, during and after the initiating laser pulse. A digital oscilloscope registers the temporal voltage waveform and stores it for eventual processing in real-time. Repeating the process over a series of wavelengths allows an absorbance-wavelength-time surface to be generated. Highly precise determinations of kinetic rate parameters for light-induced changes are obtainable since the analog voltage waveforms can be averaged in the oscilloscope prior to kinetic analysis.
Features:
- Probe Spectral Range: UV-NIR (300-1600 nm)
- Spectral Resolution: variable
- Time Window: up to 100 ms
- Intrinsic Time Resolution: standard – 5 ns
- Data acquisition modes: Absorption, Emission, Emission Corrected Absorption
For more details and pricing information
please contact
us.
| Detector
options
• Amlified
Si diode rise time <2ns.
• Amplified InGaAs diode rise time <2ns.
• PMT, rise time rise time <2 ns
Digitizer
8-bit 300
MHz bandwidth, 2.5 Gs/sec. Faster digitizer can
be incorporated upon request.
Time scale
0 – 100ms
Spectral range option
• 200 - 1100 nm (Si
diode)
• 900 -1600nm (InGaAs diode)
• 200 -750 nm (PMT)
Probe light source
• 150 W CW Xe Arc lamp
• Lamp pulser is optional
Collimator Optics
2.7”
Diameter F/0.7 four element aspheric collimating
lens (0.5% spherical aberration, ~4.5 mW/nm irradiance
@ 0.5m, 500nm).
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Laser
synchronization requirements
The instrument requires external
triggering by TTL Sync Out signal from the laser.
Computer specifications
exceeding
• 2.5 GHz CPU
• 512 Mb DDR SDRAM
• 80 Gb HD
• CDRW drive
• 15” LCD monitor
• Windows XP Professional
Software
Proteus comes with complete
data acquisition software. The software
is capable of performing full spectral
and kinetic acquisition. The data can
be saved in the form of single wavelength
kinetic, transient spectrum at a particular
probe delay or full time-wavelength-deltaA
surface. Such surface can be analyzed
with Surface Xplorer. Please refer
to the Surface Xplorer
section for more details. Alternatively
single spectra and kinetics can be processed
with a third party software.
Footprint
The spectrometer dimensions are
W50” x L18” x H13” (1,270 x 457x330 mm)
Data format
Proteus saves
data as a 3-Dimensional Wavelength-Time-Absorbance
data matrix or as individual kinetics. Transient
spectra can be easily extracted from the 3-D surface
with Surface Xplorer or third party software.
The data files format is ASCII CSV.
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The two images below
represent transient absorption of fullerene (C60) in
toluene in deareated solution. The bottom image is a
superposition of several fullerene transients.
The data is courtesy of Prof. Nicola Armaroli and Dr.
Andrea Listorti
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Istituto I.S.O.F.,
Bologna, Italy For
more details and pricing information please contact
us.
The Proteus spectrometer has
been consistently producing high
quality data which has led to publications
in peer-reviewed journals such as
Journal of the American Chemical
Society, Inorganic Chemistry, Journal
of Physical Chemistry C, and Dalton
Transactions. As this reliable system
continues to produce high quality
data, more publications are sure
to come in the future.
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Dr. Aaron Rachford
Department of Chemistry
Bowling Green State University.
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We are very happy about our new
flash photolysis nanosecond system.
I take this opportunity to thank
you very much for your prompt and
effective assistance during the
set-up of the facility.
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| Prof.
Nicola Armaroli, Istituto ISOF/CNR,
Bologna, ITALY.
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P. V. James, K. Yoosaf, J. Kumar, K. G. Thomas, A. Listorti, G. Accorsi, N. Armaroli, "Tunable photophysical properties of phenyleneethynylene based bipyridine ligands" Photochem. Photobiol. Sci, 2009, 8, 1432 ‐ 1440.
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A. Gégout, J. L. Delgado, J.‐F. Nierengarten, B. Delavaux‐Nicot, A. Listorti, C. Chiorboli, A. Belbakra and N. Armaroli; "Photoinduced electron transfer in a fullerene‐oligophenylenevinylene dyad" New J. Chem, 2009, 33, 2174 ‐ 2182
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U. Hahn, J.‐F. Nierengarten, F. Voegtle, A. Listorti, F. Monti, N. Armaroli,"Fullerene‐rich dendrimers: divergent synthesis and photophysical properties" New J. Chem. 2009, 33, 337 ‐ 344.
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Advantages of Proteus
- Quick and easy installation
- Easy accommodation of harmonic generators and OPOs
- Superb data analysis software tool
- Flexible optical setup. Since the Proteus does not have an enclosure and the components are positioned directly on a laser table, the optical setup can be easily reorganized. For example, switching between the transmission and reflection modes can be done by simply adding a few mirrors. Accommodating additional items, such as cryostats, etc. is also easy to do.
- Large detector dynamic range. The Proteus optical setup allows for a large amount of probe light to be delivered to the detectors. Additionally, an ultra low noise amplifier is utilized to convert the photocurrent from the detector. This enables us to use photodiodes instead of a PMT. This, in turn, results in a larger dynamic range and S/N ratio in the data.
- Long time window. The efficient optical setup of the Proteus allows us to use a CW probe light source instead of a pulsed lamp. We can therefore record transients over a long time window – up to 100 ms.
- Reliability. The detector photodiodes in Proteus are very robust. In contrast to a PMT, it is quite difficult to damage photodiodes. They are much tougher mechanically and cannot be easily burned by an accidental exposure to the excess of light. Even if a diode gets damaged, replacing it costs only a few hundred $$.
- Broad spectral range (UV-VIS-NIR). The sensitivity range of the Proteus detectors (Si and InGaAs photodiodes) spans from UV to NIR.
Applications:
Some research areas where Proteus is useful are :
- Photophysics
- Photochemistry
- Photobiology
- Cell biology
- Materials science
- Nano-science
- Transient spectrometry
Proteus owners are using the instrument in a variety of applications, some of which are listed below. More detail can be found under the Selected Publications tab on this page.
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Triplet state deactivation Intramolecular electron transfer (usually charge recombination)
- Triplet-triplet energy transfer
- Diffusion controlled electron transfer and triplet state quenching
- Configuration mixing and triplet state inversion
- Visible to UV upconversion at low power
- Triplet state photochemistry in perylenediimides
- Platinum bypyridylacetylide photophysics
- Singlet oxygen sensitization
- Photo-induced electron transfer on a molecular nonlinear transducer
- Ligand-centered triplet states of metal complexes
- Configuration mixing and triplet state inversion in platinum complexes
- Triplet state photochemistry in platinum complexes
- Photo processes in wheel-shaped synthetic antennas
- Photochromic control in a molecular double throw switch
- Photo-induced electron transfer in a fullerene-oligophenylenevinylene dyad
- Photophysical properties of fullerene-rich dendrimers
- Photophysical properties of phenyleneethynylene-based bipyridine ligands
| ACCESSORIES |
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DESCRIPTION |
| Surface Xplorer |
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The Surface Xplorer software makes working with 3D time-resolved data fast and efficient. It combines strong presentational features including simultaneous 3D and 2D data display with powerful data analysis capabilities such as nonlinear fitting, SVD and Global Analysis. |
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